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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of Technological University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of Technological University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЕСТНИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">3034-4689</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">122899</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_5</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">KGMJTL</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>1. Химия</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>1. Chemistry</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>1. Химия</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">COLLOID-CHEMICAL REGULARITIES GOVERNING THE FORMATION OF CARBOMER-BASED ANTISEPTIC GELS IN WATER-ALCOHOL SOLUTIONS</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>КОЛЛОИДНО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ АНТИСЕПТИЧЕСКИХ ГЕЛЕЙ НА ОСНОВЕ КАРБОМЕРОВ В ВОДНО-СПИРТОВЫХ РАСТВОРАХ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гатауллин</surname>
       <given-names>А Р</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Гатауллин</surname>
       <given-names>А Р</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>zulfat.azari@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Шакирова</surname>
       <given-names>Л. Ф.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Shakirova</surname>
       <given-names>L. F.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Богданова</surname>
       <given-names>С А</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Богданова</surname>
       <given-names>С А</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>polyswet@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan National Research Technological University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country>ru</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>29</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>5</fpage>
   <lpage>11</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-01T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>01</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>04</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=89321162">https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=89321162</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В работе исследованы коллоидно-химические закономерности набухания и гелеобразования редкосшитых полимеров полиакриловой кислоты (карбомеров) в водно-спиртовых растворах этанола и изопропанола (70 % мас.). Равновесные степени набухания карбомеров торговых марок 140, 141, 341, 341ER и 750HD определены гравиметрическим методом. Установлено, что максимальная степень набухания возрастает с увеличением молекулярной массы между сшивками полимерной сетки и достигает наибольших значений для карбомера 750HD. Показано, что замена изопропанола на этанол в составе 70 % водно-спиртовой среды приводит к увеличению равновесной степени набухания карбомеров. Изучено влияние концентрации триэтаноламина на золь-гель переход карбомера 750HD. Установлено, что массовое соотношение триэтаноламина к карбомеру, обеспечивающее максимальное набухание, равняется 2,5:1. Исследована концентрационная зависимость вязкости гелевых систем; показано, что при содержании карбомера выше 0,8 % мас. наблюдается снижение вязкости, обусловленное экранированием зарядов и частичной агрегацией макромолекулярных клубков в водно-спиртовой среде. На основе результатов исследования разработаны рецептуры антисептических гелей с этиловым и изопропиловым спиртами. Определены их реологические характеристики, pH, влияние на увлажнение кожи и антимикробная активность. Сравнительный анализ увлажняющего действия гелей показал, что разработанные композиции не уступают промышленным аналогам, и даже превосходят их. Установлено соответствие разработанных композиций требованиям ГОСТ 31695-2012 «Гели косметические. Общие технические условия». В агаровой питательной среде, содержащей 1 % мас. гелей, рост колоний микроорганизмов не наблюдался.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The colloid-chemical regularities of swelling and gelation of lightly cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) polymers (carbomers) in hydroalcoholic solutions of ethanol and isopropanol (70 wt. %) were investigated. The equilibrium swelling degrees of Carbomers 140, 141, 341, 341ER, and 750HD were determined by a gravimetric method. It was established that the maximum swelling degree increases with increasing molecular weight between crosslinks of the polymer network and reaches its highest value for Carbomer 750HD. It has been shown that replacing isopropanol with ethanol in a 70 wt. % water- alcohol medium leads to an increase in the equilibrium swelling degree of carbomers. The influence of triethanolamine concentration on the sol-gel transition and the degree of ionization of the carboxyl groups of Carbomer 750HD was studied. The optimal mass ratio of triethanolamine to carbomer providing the formation of a spatially interconnected polymer network was determined to be 2.5:1. The concentration dependence of the viscosity of gel systems was investigated. At carbomer contents above 0.8 wt. %, a decrease in viscosity was observed, which is attributed to charge screening effects and partial aggregation of macromolecular coils in the hydroalcoholic medium. A comparative analysis of the composition and consumer properties of five commercially available hand antiseptic gels within the same price segment was carried out. Based on the obtained results, formulations of antiseptic gels containing ethyl and isopropyl alcohols were developed. Their rheological characteristics, pH, effects on skin hydration, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The developed compositions were shown to comply with the requirements of GOST 31695-2012 “Cosmetic gels. General specifications”. No microbial colony growth was observed in an agar nutrient medium containing 1 wt. % of the gels.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>КАРБОМЕРЫ</kwd>
    <kwd>АНТИСЕПТИЧЕСКИЙ ГЕЛЬ</kwd>
    <kwd>ВОДНО-СПИРТОВЫЕ РАСТВОРЫ</kwd>
    <kwd>НАБУХАНИЕ ПОЛИМЕРОВ</kwd>
    <kwd>ЗОЛЬ-ГЕЛЬ ПЕРЕХОД</kwd>
    <kwd>ВЯЗКОСТЬ</kwd>
    <kwd>УВЛАЖНЕНИЕ КОЖИ</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>CARBOMERS</kwd>
    <kwd>ANTISEPTIC GEL</kwd>
    <kwd>HYDROALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS</kwd>
    <kwd>POLYMER SWELLING</kwd>
    <kwd>SOL-GEL TRANSITION</kwd>
    <kwd>VISCOSITY</kwd>
    <kwd>SKIN HYDRATION</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
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