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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of Technological University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of Technological University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЕСТНИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">3034-4689</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">3033-9219</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6aa3ab78f4b844331072f502</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_8_98</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">HPAVGY</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>3. Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>3. Information teory, computer technology and control</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>3. Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ANOMALY DETECTION ALGORITHMS IN STREAMING DATA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>АЛГОРИТМЫ ОБНАРУЖЕНИЯ АНОМАЛИЙ В ПОТОКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Коновалов</surname>
       <given-names>Тимофей Александрович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Konovalov</surname>
       <given-names>Timofey Aleksandrovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tima.konovalov.03@bk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Герасимов</surname>
       <given-names>А В</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Герасимов</surname>
       <given-names>А В</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>gerasimov@kstu.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет</institution>
     <city xml:lang="ru">Казань</city>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan National Research Technological University</institution>
     <city xml:lang="en">Kazan</city>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="ru">RU</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">КНИТУ</institution>
     <country country="RU" xml:lang="en">RU</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-28T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>28</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>29</volume>
   <issue>8</issue>
   <fpage>98</fpage>
   <lpage>105</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-07-30T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>30</day>
     <month>07</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <permissions>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">© 2026 Коновалов Т.А., Герасимов А.В.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">© 2026 Konovalov T.A., Герасимов А.В.</copyright-statement>
    <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коновалов Тимофей Александрович, Герасимов А В</copyright-holder>
    <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konovalov Timofey Aleksandrovich, Герасимов А В</copyright-holder>
   </permissions>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=91963618">https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=91963618</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В статье проводится систематический обзор и сравнительный анализ современных алгоритмов обнаружения аномалий в потоковых данных - одной из ключевых задач интеллектуального анализа данных, кибербезопасности и промышленного мониторинга. В отличие от существующих обзоров, ориентированных преимущественно на пакетную постановку задачи, все методы рассматриваются с позиций потоковой обработки: стоимости обработки одного наблюдения, объёма резидентной памяти и способности к инкрементальному обновлению модели. Введена явная система критериев сравнения - вычислительная сложность, требования к памяти, адаптивность, устойчивость к концептуальному дрейфу и интерпретируемость - с описанием шкал и правил присвоения качественных оценок. Рассматриваются четыре основных класса методов: статистические подходы (Z-оценка, EWMA, CUSUM, контрольные карты Шухарта), методы на основе расстояний и плотности (k-NN, LOF, ILOF), ансамблевые методы - изолирующие леса (Isolation Forest), их потоковые модификации Half-Space Trees, iForestASD и Robust Random Cut Forest, - а также нейросетевые архитектуры: автокодировщики (Autoencoder, VAE, LSTM-Autoencoder) и трансформерные модели (Anomaly Transformer, TranAD). Для каждого класса систематизированы не только достоинства, но и принципиальные ограничения: зависимость статистических методов от предположений о распределении, деградация методов на основе расстояний в высокоразмерных пространствах, чувствительность Isolation Forest к сложной структуре данных и эффектам маскирования, высокая ресурсоёмкость и слабая интерпретируемость нейросетевых моделей. Рассматриваются стратегии адаптации к дрейфу: скользящее окно, взвешенное обучение, алгоритм ADWIN. Описаны результаты применения алгоритмов на реальных наборах данных: KDD Cup 1999 (кибербезопасность) и SMAP NASA (промышленный IoT), - при этом отдельно обсуждаются известные методологические ограничения этих эталонных наборов и протоколов оценки, из-за которых публикуемые значения метрик следует рассматривать как верхние оценки. Рассмотрены основные области практического применения: обнаружение сетевых вторжений, предиктивное обслуживание оборудования, финансовый мониторинг и медицинская диагностика. Показано, что выбор алгоритма определяется компромиссом между вычислительной эффективностью, точностью и адаптивностью; сформулированы практические рекомендации по выбору алгоритма для пяти типовых эксплуатационных сценариев. Обозначены перспективные направления дальнейших исследований: федеративное обучение, объяснимые модели (SHAP, LIME), трансформерные архитектуры и аппаратное ускорение на FPGA.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This paper presents a systematic review and comparative analysis of state-of-the-art anomaly detection algorithms for streaming data - one of the fundamental problems in data mining, cybersecurity, and industrial monitoring. Unlike existing surveys, which mostly address the batch setting, all methods here are examined from a streaming perspective: per-observation processing cost, resident memory footprint, and the ability to update the model incrementally. An explicit set of comparison criteria is introduced - computational complexity, memory requirements, adaptivity, robustness to concept drift, and interpretability - together with the scales and rules used to assign qualitative ratings. Four major algorithm classes are examined: statistical methods (Z-score, EWMA, CUSUM, Shewhart control charts), distance- and density-based methods (k-NN, LOF, ILOF), ensemble methods - Isolation Forest and its streaming adaptations Half-Space Trees, iForestASD, and Robust Random Cut Forest - and neural network architectures including autoencoders (Autoencoder, VAE, LSTM-Autoencoder) and transformer-based models (Anomaly Transformer, TranAD). For each class, both strengths and intrinsic limitations are systematised: the dependence of statistical methods on distributional assumptions, the degradation of distance-based methods in high-dimensional spaces, the sensitivity of Isolation Forest to complex data structures and masking effects, and the high resource demands and limited interpretability of neural models. Concept drift adaptation strategies are discussed: sliding window, weighted learning, and the ADWIN algorithm. Evaluation results on real-world datasets are described - KDD Cup 1999 (cybersecurity) and SMAP NASA (industrial IoT) - along with the well-documented methodological limitations of these benchmarks and evaluation protocols, which imply that published metric values should be treated as upper bounds. Key practical application domains are considered: network intrusion detection, predictive equipment maintenance, financial transaction monitoring, and medical diagnostics. The results demonstrate that algorithm selection is governed by a trade-off between computational efficiency, accuracy, and adaptability; practical selection guidelines are formulated for five typical deployment scenarios. Promising directions for future research are identified: federated learning, explainable models (SHAP, LIME), transformer-based architectures, and hardware acceleration on FPGAs.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ОБНАРУЖЕНИЕ АНОМАЛИЙ</kwd>
    <kwd>ПОТОКОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ</kwd>
    <kwd>МАШИННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ</kwd>
    <kwd>ISOLATION FOREST</kwd>
    <kwd>АВТОКОДИРОВЩИК</kwd>
    <kwd>КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЙ ДРЕЙФ</kwd>
    <kwd>КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ</kwd>
    <kwd>НЕЙРОННЫЕ СЕТИ</kwd>
    <kwd>HALF-SPACE TREES</kwd>
    <kwd>ROBUST RANDOM CUT FOREST</kwd>
    <kwd>ADWIN</kwd>
    <kwd>КРИТЕРИИ СРАВНЕНИЯ</kwd>
    <kwd>ИНТЕРПРЕТИРУЕМОСТЬ</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ANOMALY DETECTION</kwd>
    <kwd>STREAMING DATA</kwd>
    <kwd>MACHINE LEARNING</kwd>
    <kwd>ISOLATION FOREST</kwd>
    <kwd>AUTOENCODER</kwd>
    <kwd>CONCEPT DRIFT</kwd>
    <kwd>CYBERSECURITY</kwd>
    <kwd>NEURAL NETWORKS</kwd>
    <kwd>HALF-SPACE TREES</kwd>
    <kwd>ROBUST RANDOM CUT FOREST</kwd>
    <kwd>ADWIN</kwd>
    <kwd>COMPARISON CRITERIA</kwd>
    <kwd>INTERPRETABILITY</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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  <p></p>
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