The paper presents new data on the phenomena and patterns occurring when using thermal technologies for the extraction of heavy high-viscosity oils, including the composition of asphalt-resinous structures formed in the oil-bearing terrigenous rock depending on the oil composition and oil recovery conditions from the point of view of the physicochemical mechanics of oil disperse systems. The main emphasis is on obtaining new knowledge about the transformations and their patterns occurring with the disperse system of heavy high-viscosity oils under the parameters characteristic of using thermal technologies for extraction using steam, hydrocarbon solvents and nonionic surfactants. SARA analysis, IR spectroscopy and rheology were used to study the changes occurring in the phase composition of heavy high-viscosity oils. High-viscosity oils of the Ashalchinskoye and Mordovo-Karmalskoye fields of the Republic of Tatarstan were studied as objects in the work. Methodological aspects determining the resistance of heavy oils to inversion based on their component and structural-group composition, structure of oil disperse systems have been created. Based on the obtained knowledge about oil disperse systems, a quantitative assessment of the composition and structure of individual structural formations has been given. It has been shown that high values of the dynamic viscosity of disperse systems in heavy oils are practically independent of the volume of the resulting associative combinations and the amount of dispersion medium, and are associated primarily with the low dispersion of the system as a whole. It has been shown that not all asphaltenes are capable of serving as the basis of the dispersed phase, but only those in which a significantly carbonized part is present, while the highly condensed aromatic part, along with resins, promotes the formation of a solvate shell that isolates from the solvent in the dispersion medium.