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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of Technological University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of Technological University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЕСТНИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">3034-4689</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">123079</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_118</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">THLCED</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>3. Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>3. Information teory, computer technology and control</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>3. Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROTEIN DESIGN, ENZYMES AND GENOMIC EDITING</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>БОЛЬШИЕ ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ МОДЕЛИ В БИОТЕХНОЛОГИИ: ДИЗАЙН БЕЛКОВ, ФЕРМЕНТОВ И ГЕНОМНОЕ РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЕ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Долгих</surname>
       <given-names>С. К.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Dolgih</surname>
       <given-names>S. K.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Кошкина</surname>
       <given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Koshkina</surname>
       <given-names>L. Yu.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en"> Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский национальный исследовательский технологический университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kazan National Research Technological University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-05-05T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>05</day>
    <month>05</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>29</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>118</fpage>
   <lpage>125</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-02T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>02</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=89321179">https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=89321179</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Представление биологических последовательностей - белков, ферментов и нуклеиновых кислот - в виде формализованных «языков» открыло новые возможности для их анализа, моделирования и генерации. На основе анализа публикаций российских и зарубежных авторов выявлены следующие перспективные направления использования больших языковых моделей в биотехнологии: дизайн белков, ферментная инженерия, геномное редактирование. Статья посвящена анализу современных подходов к использованию больших языковых моделей и глубокого обучения (Deep Learning, DL) в инженерии белков и ферментов, а также в задачах геномного редактирования, включая оценку непреднамеренных модификаций CRISPR Cas-9 систем. Особое внимание уделяется биотехнологическому потенциалу данных методов, их ограничениям, проблемам интерпретируемости и биобезопасности. На основе анализа актуальных исследований обсуждаются перспективы интеграции языковых моделей в молекулярные и промышленные биотехнологические процессы.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The description of biological sequences - proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids - in the form of formalized &quot;languages&quot; has opened up new possibilities for their analysis, modeling and generation. Based on the analysis of publications by Russian and foreign authors, the following promising areas of use of large language models in biotechnology were identified: protein design, enzyme engineering, genomic editing. The article is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches to the use of large language models and deep learning (Deep Learning, DL) in protein and enzyme engineering, as well as in genomic editing tasks, including the assessment of unintentional modifications Cas-9 CRISPR systems. Particular attention is paid to the biotechnological potential of these methods, their limitations, problems of interpretability and biosafety. Based on the analysis of current research, the prospects for integrating language models into molecular and industrial biotechnological processes are discussed.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ</kwd>
    <kwd>БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</kwd>
    <kwd>БОЛЬШИЕ ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ МОДЕЛИ</kwd>
    <kwd>ГЛУБОКОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ</kwd>
    <kwd>МАШИННОЕ ОБУЧЕНИЕ</kwd>
    <kwd>АМИНОКИСЛОТНАЯ ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНОСТЬ</kwd>
    <kwd>БЕЛКОВАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ</kwd>
    <kwd>ФЕРМЕНТНАЯ ИНЖЕНЕРИЯ</kwd>
    <kwd>ГЕНОМНОЕ РЕДАКТИРОВАНИЕ</kwd>
    <kwd>TARGET-OFF ЭФФЕКТ</kwd>
    <kwd>CRISPR CAS-9</kwd>
    <kwd>БЕЛКОВАЯ ЯЗЫКОВАЯ МОДЕЛЬ PROGEN</kwd>
    <kwd>ИНТЕРПРЕТИРУЕМОСТЬ МОДЕЛЕЙ</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE</kwd>
    <kwd>BIOTECHNOLOGY</kwd>
    <kwd>LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS</kwd>
    <kwd>DEEP LEARNING</kwd>
    <kwd>MACHINE LEARNING</kwd>
    <kwd>AMINO ACID SEQUENCE</kwd>
    <kwd>PROTEIN ENGINEERING</kwd>
    <kwd>ENZYME ENGINEERING</kwd>
    <kwd>GENOMIC EDITING</kwd>
    <kwd>TARGET-OFF EFFECT</kwd>
    <kwd>CRISPR CAS-9</kwd>
    <kwd>PROGEN</kwd>
    <kwd>INTERPRETABILITY OF MODELS</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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