<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Herald of Technological University</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Herald of Technological University</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЕСТНИК ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">3034-4689</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">3033-9219</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">132509</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_6_70</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">OMZUDR</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>2. Химическая технология</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>2. Chemical Technology</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>2. Химическая технология</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">THE INFLUENCE OF NI/FE RATIO ON THE PROPERTIES OF CATALYSTS SYNTHESIZED BY THE SOL-GEL METHOD</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ВЛИЯНИЕ СООТНОШЕНИЯ NI/FE НА СВОЙСТВА КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ,СИНТЕЗИРОВАННЫХ ЗОЛЬ-ГЕЛЬ МЕТОДОМ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Заваруева</surname>
       <given-names>Валерия Андреевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zavarueva</surname>
       <given-names>Valeriya Andreevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>tk_valeria@bk.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бузаев</surname>
       <given-names>А. А.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Buzaev</surname>
       <given-names>A. A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Захаркива</surname>
       <given-names>А. М.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zaharkiva</surname>
       <given-names>A. M.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Старицына</surname>
       <given-names>Д. Н.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Staricyna</surname>
       <given-names>D. N.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Гандыбина</surname>
       <given-names>С. В.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Gandybina</surname>
       <given-names>S. V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Борило</surname>
       <given-names>Л. П.</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Borilo</surname>
       <given-names>L. P.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Томск</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution>
     <city>Tomsk</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">National Research Tomsk State University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-02T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>02</day>
    <month>07</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>29</volume>
   <issue>6</issue>
   <fpage>70</fpage>
   <lpage>74</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-06T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>06</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-05-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://vestniktu.ru/en/nauka/article/132509/view">https://vestniktu.ru/en/nauka/article/132509/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>В данной работе методом золь-гель синтеза получены Ni-Fe-оксидные катализаторы на носителе γ-Al₂O₃ с варьированием молярного соотношения Ni/Fe (1:1, 20:1, 15:5, 5:15, 1:20). Процесс синтеза включал приготовление пленкообразующего раствора на основе бутанола, азотной кислоты, тетраэтоксисилана и нитратов металлов с последующим нанесением на γ-Al₂O₃, сушкой при 100°C и отжигом при 400°C. Для исследования структурных, морфологических и текстурных свойств полученных материалов были использованы методы рентгеновской дифракции (РФА), сканирующей электронной микроскопии (СЭМ) с микрорентгеноспектральным анализом и низкотемпературной адсорбции азота. Установлено, что эквимолярное соотношение Ni/Fe = 1:1 обеспечивает формирование гомогенной смешанной оксидной фазы, равномерное распределение активных компонентов по поверхности носителя и высокую дисперсность частиц. Анализ СЭМ-изображений демонстрирует сплошное покрытие без агломератов, что свидетельствует о хорошей адгезии катализатора к носителю. Данные РФА подтверждают наличие фаз NiO и α-Fe₂O₃, которые сильно взаимодействуют с γ-Al₂O₃, обеспечивая стабильность каталитической системы. Удельная поверхность катализатора с соотношением Ni/Fe = 1:1, определенная методом БЭТ, составляет 134,8 м²/г, что лишь на 3,4 % ниже, чем у исходного γ-Al₂O₃ (139,5 м²/г). Это указывает на сохранение высокой пористости носителя после нанесения активных компонентов. В то же время, избыток никеля (20:1, 15:5) или железа (5:15, 1:20) приводит к фазовой сегрегации, образованию крупных агломератов NiO или Fe₂O₃, снижению удельной поверхности до 95-112 м²/г и ухудшению адгезии к подложке. Таким образом, оптимальный состав Ni/Fe = 1:1 перспективен для создания термически стабильных катализаторов с развитой мезопористой структурой, пригодных для высокотемпературных процессов гидрирования и конверсии углеводородов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для дальнейшей оптимизации каталитических систем на основе Ni-Fe-оксидов.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>In this study, Ni-Fe oxide catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃ were synthesized using the sol-gel method, with the Ni/Fe molar ratio varied (1:1, 20:1, 15:5, 5:15, 1:20). The synthesis process involved preparing a film-forming solution based on butanol, nitric acid, tetraethoxysilane, and metal nitrates, followed by deposition onto γ-Al₂O₃, drying at 100°C, and annealing at 400°C. To investigate the structural, morphological, and textural properties of the resulting materials, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with micro-X-ray spectral analysis, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption were employed. It was found that an equimolar Ni/Fe ratio of 1:1 ensures the formation of a homogeneous mixed oxide phase, uniform distribution of active components across the support surface, and high particle dispersion. Analysis of SEM images reveals a continuous coating free of agglomerates, indicating good adhesion of the catalyst to the support. XRF data confirm the presence of NiO and α-Fe₂O₃ phases, which interact strongly with γ-Al₂O₃, ensuring the stability of the catalytic system. The specific surface area of the catalyst with a Ni/Fe ratio of 1:1, determined by the BET method, is 134.8 m²/g, which is only 3.4% lower than that of the initial γ-Al₂O₃ (139.5 m²/g). This indicates that the support retains high porosity after the deposition of active components. At the same time, an excess of nickel (20:1, 15:5) or iron (5:15, 1:20) leads to phase segregation, the formation of large NiO or Fe₂O₃ agglomerates, a decrease in specific surface area to 95-112 m²/g, and impaired adhesion to the substrate. Thus, the optimal Ni/Fe ratio of 1:1 shows promise for the development of thermally stable catalysts with a well-developed mesoporous structure, suitable for high-temperature hydrogenation and hydrocarbon conversion processes. The results obtained can be used for the further optimization of catalytic systems based on Ni-Fe oxides.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>ЗОЛЬ-ГЕЛЬ МЕТОД</kwd>
    <kwd>НИКЕЛЬ-ЖЕЛЕЗНЫЕ КАТАЛИЗАТОРЫ</kwd>
    <kwd>СОСТАВ</kwd>
    <kwd>СТРУКТУРА</kwd>
    <kwd>γ-AL2O3</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>SOL-GEL METHOD</kwd>
    <kwd>NICKEL-IRON CATALYSTS</kwd>
    <kwd>COMPOSITION</kwd>
    <kwd>STRUCTURE</kwd>
    <kwd>γ-AL2O3</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено в рамках Государственного задания № FSWM-2026-0008.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J.K. Prabhakar, P.A. Apte, G. Deo. Chemical Engineering Journal. 471, 144252, (2023).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J.K. Prabhakar, P.A. Apte, G. Deo. Chemical Engineering Journal. 471, 144252, (2023).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">S. Wang, Z. Shen, A. Osatiashtiani, A. Nabavi. Chem. Eng. J., 486, 150170, (2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">S. Wang, Z. Shen, A. Osatiashtiani, A. Nabavi. Chem. Eng. J., 486, 150170, (2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">R. Ye, X. Wang, Z.-H. Lu, R. Zhanf, G. Feng. Chem. Commun., 60, 11466–11482, (2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">R. Ye, X. Wang, Z.-H. Lu, R. Zhanf, G. Feng. Chem. Commun., 60, 11466–11482, (2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L.V. Furda, E.A. Tarasenko, S.N. Dudina, O.E. Lebedeva. Butlerov Commun., 64, 102-107, (2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L.V. Furda, E.A. Tarasenko, S.N. Dudina, O.E. Lebedeva. Butlerov Commun., 64, 102–107, (2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">N. Laosiripojana, W. Sutthisripok, S. Charojrochkul, S. Assabumrungrat. Fuel Process. Technol., 127, 26–32, (2014).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">N. Laosiripojana, W. Sutthisripok, S. Charojrochkul, S. Assabumrungrat. Fuel Process. Technol., 127, 26–32, (2014).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Wu, Z. Yan, J. Xie, Q. Xu, Z. Li. Bioresour. Technol., 402, 130844, (2024).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Wu, Z. Yan, J. Xie, Q. Xu, Z. Li. Bioresour. Technol., 402, 130844, (2024).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">I.A. Pronin, I.A. Averin, D.Ts. Dimitrov, A.A. Karmanov. Nano-Microsyst. Technol., 8, 3-7, (2014).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">I.A. Pronin, I.A. Averin, D.Ts. Dimitrov, A.A. Karmanov. Nano-Microsyst. Technol., 8, 3–7, (2014).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">E.V. Karlova, E.S. Podyelnikova, V.P. Lunichkina, T.V. Kon'kova. Adv. Chem. Chem. Eng., 3, 72–74, (2016).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">E.V. Karlova, E.S. Podyelnikova, V.P. Lunichkina, T.V. Kon'kova. Adv. Chem. Chem. Eng., 3, 72–74, (2016).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Sarkari, F. Fazlollahi, H. Atashi, V. Hosseinpour. Fuel Process. Technol., 97, 130–139, (2012).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Sarkari, F. Fazlollahi, H. Atashi, V. Hosseinpour. Fuel Process. Technol., 97, 130–139, (2012).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.S. Al-Fatesh, W.U. Khan, A.A. Ibrahim, A.E. Abasaeed, A.H. Fakeeha. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 20, 343-352, (2016).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.S. Al-Fatesh, W.U. Khan, A.A. Ibrahim, A.E. Abasaeed, A.H. Fakeeha. J. Saudi Chem. Soc., 20, 343–352, (2016).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">M. Chaaban, H. El-Rassy. ACS Omega, 5, 27401–27412, (2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">M. Chaaban, H. El-Rassy. ACS Omega, 5, 27401–27412, (2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">L. Zhou, L. Li, N. Wei, J. Li, K. Takanabe, J.-M. Basset. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 174, 272–280, (2015).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">L. Zhou, L. Li, N. Wei, J. Li, K. Takanabe, J.-M. Basset. Appl. Catal. B Environ., 174, 272–280, (2015).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">V. Claude, J.G. Mahy, S. Douven, T. Lohay, F. Micheli, S.D. Lambert. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 104528, (2020).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V. Claude, J.G. Mahy, S. Douven, T. Lohay, F. Micheli, S.D. Lambert. J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 8, 104528, (2020).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">J. Feng, W. Chen, L. Zhang, X. Li. Appl. Surf. Sci., 389, 860–868, (2016).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">J. Feng, W. Chen, L. Zhang, X. Li. Appl. Surf. Sci., 389, 860–868, (2016).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A.A.S. Goncalves, M.J.F. Costa, L. Zhang, F. Ciesielczyk, M. Jaroniec. Chem. Mater., 30, 436–446, (2018).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A.A.S. Goncalves, M.J.F. Costa, L. Zhang, F. Ciesielczyk, M. Jaroniec. Chem. Mater., 30, 436–446, (2018).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">B. Hu, Z. Li, J. Wang, Y. Zhang. Ceram. Int., 43, 1215–1222, (2017).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">B. Hu, Z. Li, J. Wang, Y. Zhang. Ceram. Int., 43, 1215–1222, (2017).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
