STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES

A. Y. Cherkesov; D. V. Korolev; M S Lipkin; Miroslav V. Liplyavka; I. D. Ostaniy; I. A. Denisova; S. M. Lipkin

doi:10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51

STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES

Published in Herald of Technological University · Pages 51–56 · Rubric: 2. Chemical Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51 · EDN: ATHPHO

Received: 17.02.2026 Accepted: 13.03.2026 Published: 05.05.2026

Authors

A. Y. Cherkesov

D. V. Korolev

M S Lipkin

Miroslav V. Liplyavka

I. D. Ostaniy

I. A. Denisova

S. M. Lipkin

A. Y. Cherkesov

Platov South-State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Politechnic Institute)

D. V. Korolev

PAO «GMK «Noril'skiy nikel'» Russian Federation

M S Lipkin

Yuzhno-Rossiyskiy gosud. tehnich. un-t (Novocherkasskiy politehnicheskiy institut)

Miroslav V. Liplyavka

I. D. Ostaniy

Platov South-State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Politechnic Institute)

I. A. Denisova

Platov South-State Polytechnic University (Novocherkassk Politechnic Institute)

S. M. Lipkin

Nacional'nyy issledovatel'skiy Nizhegorodskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet im. N.I. Lobachevskogo Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

The article presents a comprehensive study of the catalytic and corrosion properties of titanium electrodes with an active electrocatalytic coating based on mixed palladium, ruthenium and iridium oxides (Pd-Ru-Ir-Ti systems). The relevance of the work is due to the need to increase the efficiency and selectivity of anodes used in the production of chlorine and sodium hypochlorite by optimizing the composition of their coating. Samples with different ratios of platinum group metal oxides were studied by a complex of physico-chemical methods: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the temperature-kinetic method. An equivalent substitution scheme with two parallel branches was used to process electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data, which makes it possible to quantify the contribution of oxidative and adsorption catalysis mechanisms through the Rs1/Rs2 ratio. Based on the results obtained, the effective activation energies of the anodic oxidation of chloride ions are calculated. The experimental data was classified using the k-means method in the two-dimensional feature space "activation energy - Rs1/Rs2 ratio" followed by visualization of clusters using the Voronoi diagram in the Matlab automated computing system. This allowed us to identify four statistically significant groups of samples differing in the predominant mechanism of catalysis. It is shown that the addition of palladium oxide to the coating reduces the effective activation energy of the process to 6-9 kJ/mol and enhances the role of the adsorption mechanism. On the contrary, the predominance of ruthenium oxide promotes the implementation of oxidative catalysis, characterized by a higher activation energy (23-25 kJ/mol). The established correlations between the composition, mechanism of catalysis, and activation energy open up opportunities for the targeted design of highly efficient and selective anode materials.

KEYWORDS

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY, RUTHENIUM OXIDE, IRIDIUM OXIDE, PALLADIUM OXIDE, TEMPERATURE-KINETIC ANALYSIS, MIXED METAL OXIDES (MMO) ELECTRODES, DIMENSIONALLY STABLE ANODE (DSA)

1. M.J.R. Santos, M.C. Medeiros, T.M.B.F. Oliveira, C.C.O. Morais, S.E. Mazzetto, C.A. Martínez-Huitle, S.S.L. Castro, Electrochim. Acta, 212, 95-101 (2016). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2016.06.170.

2. Y. Takasu, W. Sugimoto, Y. Nishiki, S. Nakamatsu, J. Appl. Electrochem., 40, 10, 1789-1795 (2010). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-010-0155-1.

3. L.M. Yakimenko, G.A. Seryshev, Electrochemical Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds. Khimiya, Moscow, 1984. 158 pp.

4. L. Du, Y. Wang, S. Dai, J. Pei, S. Qin, C. Hu, J. Hazard. Mater., 185, 2, 1596-1599 (2011). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.040.

5. L.A. Kulsky (ed.), Application of Electrochemical Processes and Equipment for Water Disinfection. Industry. Review. Information, UkrNIIINTI, Kyiv, 1985. 41 pp.

6. W. Zhang, E. Ghali, G. Houlachi, Hydrometallurgy, 169, 456-467 (2017). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.03.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.02.014; EDN: https://elibrary.ru/YXHMCV

7. G. Zhang, X. Huang, J. Ma, F. Wu, T. Zhou, Sustainability, 13, 1, Article 126 (2021). DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010126. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/AIIDZQ

8. Russian Federation Patent No. 2 379 380 C2 (2009). R.K. Carlson, M.S. Mouts, K.L. Hardy.

9. L.I. Krishitalik, D.V. Kokoulina, R.G. Erenburg, In: Kinetics and Mechanism of Anodic Reactions on Oxidic Electrodes. Proceedings of the Science and Technology Conference of VINITI, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1981. p. 20.

10. E.A. Novikov, V.I. Éberil', A.F. Mazanko, Russ. J. Electrochem., 36, 8, 849-854 (2000).

11. J. Aromaa, I. Lehtiniemi, O. Forsén, B sb. Proceedings of the 8th European Metallurgical Conference (EMC) (Düsseldorf, Germany, June 28 - July 1, 2015). GDMB Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 2015. P. 509-522.

12. B. Bawab, S.M. Thalluri, J. Rodriguez-Pereira, H. Sopha, R. Zazpe, J.M. Macak, Electrochim. Acta, 429, Article 141044 (2022). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141044. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/XPFBYO

13. M.M. Ibrahim, A. Mezni, M. Alsawat, T. Kumeria, M.R. Das, S. Alzahly, A. Aldalbahi, K. Gornicka, J. Ryl, M.A. Amin, T. Altalhi, ChemElectroChem, 8, 19, 3628-3641 (2021). DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.202100796.

14. D. Rosestolato, Publ. IUSS, 9, 1, 190-190 (2015).

15. E. V. Korbova, M. S. Lipkin, E. A. Vilbitskaya, in SB. 2023 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Applications and Man ufacturing (ICIEAM) (Sochi, Russia, 15-19 May 2023). IEEE, 2023. Pp. 197-201. DOI: 10.1109 / ICIEAM57311.2023.10139234.

16. In: Modern Methods for Producing Oxygen-Alloyed Titanium Al loys. MetizMSK, Moscow, [no date]. URL: https://metiz msk.ru/blog/covremennye-sposoby-polucheniya-splavov-titana legirovannyh-kislorodom (accessed: 09/26/2025)

GOST

Cherkesov A. Y., Korolev D. V., , Liplyavka M. V., Ostaniy I. D., Denisova I. A., Lipkin S. M. STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES // . 2026. pp. 51-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51. EDN: ATHPHO. (Date of access 19.08.2026).

MLA

A. Y. Cherkesov, Korolev D. V., , Liplyavka M. V., Ostaniy I. D., Denisova I. A., Lipkin S. M.. "STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES." (2026): 51-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51. EDN: ATHPHO.

APA

Cherkesov A. Y., Korolev D. V., , Liplyavka M. V., Ostaniy I. D., Denisova I. A., Lipkin S. M. (2026). STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES. , 51-56. https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51 EDN: ATHPHO.

Chicago

A. Y. Cherkesov, Korolev D. V., , Liplyavka M. V., Ostaniy I. D., Denisova I. A., Lipkin S. M.. "STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES." , no. (2026): 51-56. https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51. EDN: ATHPHO.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Cherkesov A. Y., Korolev D. V., , Liplyavka M. V., Ostaniy I. D., Denisova I. A., Lipkin S. M. | title = STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES | journal = | year = 2026 | pages = 51-56 | doi = 10.55421/3034-4689_2026_29_4_51 }} EDN: ATHPHO

Copy

Export: BibTeX EndNote RefMan RusMARC

STUDY OF THE CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODES WITH AN ACTIVE ELECTROCATALYTIC COATING BASED ON A MIXTURE OF PALLADIUM, RUTENIUM, AND IRIDIUM OXIDES

Confirmation