LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY

Sergey Kireev; V. N. Shtepa; S. N. Kireeva; Alexander Dubina; Yu. N. Kirilina; V. A. Krylov

doi:10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69

LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY

Published in Herald of Technological University · Volume 28, Issue 4 · Pages 69–75 · Rubric: 2. Chemical Technology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69

Received: 12.05.2025 Accepted: 01.08.2025 Published: 01.08.2025

Authors

Sergey Kireev

V. N. Shtepa

S. N. Kireeva

Alexander Dubina

et al.

Yu. N. Kirilina

V. A. Krylov

Sergey Kireev

Academic degree: doctor of technical sciences

Science rang: professor

Penza State University dean · Russian Federation · Penza

V. N. Shtepa

Belarusian State Technological University Minsk

S. N. Kireeva

Penza State University Penza

Alexander Dubina

Russian Federation

Yu. N. Kirilina

Penza State University Penza

V. A. Krylov

Penza State University Penza

OOO «Mayak-Tehnocell» Russian Federation

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to the development and optimization of a laboratory ferrate generator (Fe(VI)) for effective water purification from a wide range of pollutants, including antibiotics, synthetic dyes, heavy metals and microorganisms. The installation has demonstrated high performance with optimal operating parameters: current density 10 mA/cm2, pH 12, temperature 25°C and flow rate 0.3 l/min. The current yield of Fe(VI) reached 78%, which ensured a pollutant removal efficiency of 86% for amoxicillin, 96% for methylene blue, 94% for yeast cells, and 95% for Pb2⁺ ions. The key mechanisms of steel purification: oxidation of organic compounds to co₂ and H₂O (redox potential Fe(VI) +2,2 V), coagulation of suspended particles with iron hydroxides Fe(OH)₃, disinfection due to damage to cellular structures of pathogens. The generator's design is based on the use of iron shavings (St3 steel) as an anode, which reduced the cost by 90% compared to traditional electrodes. The modular system provides flexibility for handling small volumes (50-200 ml) and various types of contaminants. However, the plant's capacity is limited to 0,5 liters/hour, and the need for frequent replacement of the diaphragm in highly mineralized drains increases operating costs. The advantages of the technology include environmental safety (absence of toxic by-products such as dioxins), cost-effectiveness and versatility. Spectrophotometry (λ = 510 nm for Fe(VI)), turbidimetry (OD₆₀₀ for yeast) and refractometry were used for the analysis, which ensured the accuracy of measurements at minimal cost. The prospects of the work are related to the integration of IoT sensors for online monitoring and the use of renewable energy sources. The results confirm the potential of ferrates as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for water treatment, especially in regions with limited resources.

KEYWORDS

FERRATES, WATER PURIFICATION, ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS, XENOBIOTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, LABORATORY GENERATOR, PURIFICATION EFFICIENCY

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GOST

Kireev S. Y., Shtepa V. N., Kireeva S. N., Dubina A. V., Kirilina Y. N., Krylov V. A. LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY // Herald of Technological University. 2025. no. 4. pp. 69-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69. (Date of access 25.10.2026).

MLA

Sergey Kireev, Shtepa V. N., Kireeva S. N., Dubina A. V., Kirilina Y. N., Krylov V. A.. "LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY." Herald of Technological University 28.4 (2025): 69-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69.

APA

Kireev S. Y., Shtepa V. N., Kireeva S. N., Dubina A. V., Kirilina Y. N., Krylov V. A. (2025). LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY. Herald of Technological University, 28(4), 69-75. https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69

Chicago

Sergey Kireev, Shtepa V. N., Kireeva S. N., Dubina A. V., Kirilina Y. N., Krylov V. A.. "LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY." Herald of Technological University 28, no. 4 (2025): 69-75. https://doi.org/10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69.

WIKI

{{cite journal | author = Kireev S. Y., Shtepa V. N., Kireeva S. N., Dubina A. V., Kirilina Y. N., Krylov V. A. | title = LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY | journal = Herald of Technological University | year = 2025 | volume = 28 | issue = 4 | pages = 69-75 | doi = 10.55421/3034-4689_2025_28_4_69 }}

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LABORATORY FERRATE GENERATOR: DESIGN, MODES, EFFICIENCY

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