MECHANISM OF FIRE-RETARDANT ACTION, EFFICIENCY AND MIGRATION STABILITY OF 9,10-DIHYDRO-9-OXA-10-PHOSPHAPHENANTHRENE-10-OXIDE (DOPO) AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN POLYMERIC MATERIALS
Rubrics: 2. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors:
1.
Ural'skiy gosud. lesotehnicheskiy un-t
2.
Ural'skiy institut gosudarstvennoy protivopozharnoy sluzhby MChS Rossii
3.
Ural'skiy gosud. lesotehnich. un-t
4.
Ural'skiy institut gosudarstvennoy protivopozharnoy sluzhby MChS Rossii
5.
Ural'skiy institut gosudarstvennoy protivopozharnoy sluzhby MChS Rossii
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 37
to 44
Status:
Published
Received:
22.12.2025
Accepted:
23.12.2025
Published:
23.12.2025
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
DOPO, PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FLAME RETARDANTS, FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, POLYMER COMPOSITES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, FIRE SAFETY
Abstract (English):
The modern polymer industry faces growing challenges in the field of fire safety and environmental compatibility. Tightening international regulations and increased attention to the principles of "green" chemistry and sustainable development necessitate the search for and implementation of safe alternatives to traditional halogenated flame retardants. In this context, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives are the most promising class of halogen-free phosphorus-containing flame retardants that meet modern requirements. This work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of flame retardant action, including inhibition in the gas phase and coke layer formation in the condensed phase, quantitative assessment of efficiency by cone calorimetry parameters and critical assessment of the migration stability of these compounds in various polymer matrices, such as epoxy resins, polyesters and polyamides. The applied systems approach included a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature, comparative evaluation of experimental data, classification of DOPO derivatives by structural and functional features, as well as a critical analysis of factors influencing migration stability. The results of the analysis convincingly confirm that DOPO, especially its reactive derivatives capable of covalently incorporating into the polymer chain, represent a comprehensive solution for creating highly effective, durable and environmentally friendly fire-retardant materials. It was found that it is the reactive derivatives that demonstrate excellent migration stability, are not prone to sweating and retain fire-retardant properties throughout the entire life cycle of the material. The work also identifies promising areas for further research, including the development of new derivatives with improved compatibility and the synthesis of oligomeric forms to expand the scope of application.
The modern polymer industry faces growing challenges in the field of fire safety and environmental compatibility. Tightening international regulations and increased attention to the principles of "green" chemistry and sustainable development necessitate the search for and implementation of safe alternatives to traditional halogenated flame retardants. In this context, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives are the most promising class of halogen-free phosphorus-containing flame retardants that meet modern requirements. This work is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of flame retardant action, including inhibition in the gas phase and coke layer formation in the condensed phase, quantitative assessment of efficiency by cone calorimetry parameters and critical assessment of the migration stability of these compounds in various polymer matrices, such as epoxy resins, polyesters and polyamides. The applied systems approach included a comprehensive analysis of scientific literature, comparative evaluation of experimental data, classification of DOPO derivatives by structural and functional features, as well as a critical analysis of factors influencing migration stability. The results of the analysis convincingly confirm that DOPO, especially its reactive derivatives capable of covalently incorporating into the polymer chain, represent a comprehensive solution for creating highly effective, durable and environmentally friendly fire-retardant materials. It was found that it is the reactive derivatives that demonstrate excellent migration stability, are not prone to sweating and retain fire-retardant properties throughout the entire life cycle of the material. The work also identifies promising areas for further research, including the development of new derivatives with improved compatibility and the synthesis of oligomeric forms to expand the scope of application.
Keywords:
DOPO, PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FLAME RETARDANTS, FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, POLYMER COMPOSITES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, FIRE SAFETY
DOPO, PHOSPHORUS-CONTAINING FLAME RETARDANTS, FIRE PROTECTION MATERIALS, ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY, POLYMER COMPOSITES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, FIRE SAFETY
