PREPARATION OF DISPERSIONS OF MULTILAYER AND FEW-LAYER GRAPHENES FOR THE MODIFICATION OF POLYMER GELS BASED ON CARBOMER PNC-400
Rubrics: 2. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors:
1.
KNITU
2.
Kazanskiy institut biohimii i biofiziki FIC KazNC RAN
3.
KNITU
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 82
to 88
Status:
Published
Received:
22.12.2025
Accepted:
23.12.2025
Published:
23.12.2025
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
MULTILAYER AND FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE, NONIONIC SURFACTANTS, ADSORPTION, NANOPARTICLE DISPERSIONS, POLYMER GELS, VISCOSITY, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Abstract (English):
Gel-based systems are widely used in medicine and cosmeceutics as effective carriers for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents and biologically active substances (BAS) into the human body. The electrical and rheological properties of gels can be improved through the incorporation and uniform distribution of graphene within the gel matrices. In this regard, the aim of the present work was to obtain stable dispersions of multilayer and few-layer graphene for the modification of rheological properties and electrical conductivity of gel systems based on Carbomer PNC-400. The incorporation of multilayer and few-layer graphene into the gel matrices was carried out in the form of aqueous dispersions. Nanoparticle dispersions were prepared by ultrasonic treatment of the carbon nanomaterial in water and in aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants: oxyethylated higher fatty alcohols, Poloxamer-184, and Tween-80. It was demonstrated that the addition of surfactants during ultrasonic treatment led to a 2-3-fold increase in the optical density of multilayer graphene dispersions. The adsorption interactions of nonionic surfactants with the graphene surface were studied by tensiometry. The rheological characteristics of the gel compositions were examined using rotational viscometry. It was found that the incorporation of graphene into the gel composition resulted in an increase in system viscosity. The electrical conductivity of the gel systems was investigated by conductometry. It was revealed that with increasing graphene content, the specific electrical conductivity of the gels increased by 1.2-2.4 times compared to the base composition. The results of this study demonstrated that gel systems containing multilayer and few-layer graphene are promising transdermal platforms for the delivery of pharmaceuticals and biologically active substances into the human body.
Gel-based systems are widely used in medicine and cosmeceutics as effective carriers for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents and biologically active substances (BAS) into the human body. The electrical and rheological properties of gels can be improved through the incorporation and uniform distribution of graphene within the gel matrices. In this regard, the aim of the present work was to obtain stable dispersions of multilayer and few-layer graphene for the modification of rheological properties and electrical conductivity of gel systems based on Carbomer PNC-400. The incorporation of multilayer and few-layer graphene into the gel matrices was carried out in the form of aqueous dispersions. Nanoparticle dispersions were prepared by ultrasonic treatment of the carbon nanomaterial in water and in aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants: oxyethylated higher fatty alcohols, Poloxamer-184, and Tween-80. It was demonstrated that the addition of surfactants during ultrasonic treatment led to a 2-3-fold increase in the optical density of multilayer graphene dispersions. The adsorption interactions of nonionic surfactants with the graphene surface were studied by tensiometry. The rheological characteristics of the gel compositions were examined using rotational viscometry. It was found that the incorporation of graphene into the gel composition resulted in an increase in system viscosity. The electrical conductivity of the gel systems was investigated by conductometry. It was revealed that with increasing graphene content, the specific electrical conductivity of the gels increased by 1.2-2.4 times compared to the base composition. The results of this study demonstrated that gel systems containing multilayer and few-layer graphene are promising transdermal platforms for the delivery of pharmaceuticals and biologically active substances into the human body.
Keywords:
MULTILAYER AND FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE, NONIONIC SURFACTANTS, ADSORPTION, NANOPARTICLE DISPERSIONS, POLYMER GELS, VISCOSITY, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
MULTILAYER AND FEW-LAYER GRAPHENE, NONIONIC SURFACTANTS, ADSORPTION, NANOPARTICLE DISPERSIONS, POLYMER GELS, VISCOSITY, ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
