FLAME RETARDANTS BASED ON NATURAL BIOMASS FOR THE CREATION OF POLYMER COMPOSITIONS WITH REDUCED FLAMMABILITY
Rubrics: 2. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors:
1.
Institut biohimicheskoy fiziki imeni N.M. Emmanuelya RAN
2.
Institut biohimicheskoy fiziki im. N.M. Emanuelya RAN
3.
Institut biohimicheskoy fiziki im. N.M. Emanuelya RAN
4.
Institut biohimicheskoy fiziki im. N. M. Emanuelya RAN
Federal'nyy issledovatel'skiy centr Himicheskoy fiziki RAN
Federal'nyy issledovatel'skiy centr Himicheskoy fiziki RAN
5.
KNITU
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 50
to 56
Status:
Published
Received:
25.12.2025
Accepted:
25.12.2025
Published:
25.12.2025
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
BIOFLAME RETARDANT, POLYESTER RESIN, AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE, ALUMINUM TRIHYDRATE, FIRE RETARDANT EFFICIENCY, INTUMESCENCE
Abstract (English):
A promising direction in the development of flame retardants for plastics and composites is the creation of environmentally friendly bio-fire retardants based on natural renewable raw materials. In this work, bioflame retardant solutions from lignin-containing biomass were synthesized by the method of liquid-phase catalytic oxidation. We have established that the fire-protective effect of natural flame retardant is realized by forming a foamed coke structure under the influence of high temperatures or flame. This structure provides thermal insulation and creates a barrier for the diffusion of both volatile pyrolysis products into the combustion zone and oxygen from the environment to the surface of the protected material. The bio-flame retardant solution obtained at the preliminary stage was dried on a laboratory disk spray unit in the temperature range from 180°C to 90°C to a solid beige powder with a particle size of 50-80 μm, which was used as a base flame retardant (A) in compositions with polyester resin. The present work is devoted to the analysis of flammability of polyester composites developed using the polyester resin Polipol 3401 (3403)-TA and modified with bio-antipyren A, aluminum trihydrate and ammonium polyphosphate (PFA 201). To study the flammability of samples of these composites containing the specified additives, a mass calorimeter was used. This specialized laboratory device allows recording the rate at which samples lose mass, which is a direct reflection of the rate of heat release under the influence of various external heat flows, without taking into account the effect of inhibition in the gas phase. In addition, the thermal properties of PE compositions containing Al(OH)3 were studied by the DSC method. The analysis was carried out to assess the effect of Al(OH)3 on the physical structure of the glassy polyester matrix and the heat resistance of the material. As a result of the thermal studies and flammability tests, it was established that the complex use of aluminum trihydrate, ammonium polyphosphate and bioflame retardant additives leads to a synergistic effect of inhibiting the flammability of PE due to thermal stabilization of the foam coke structure under the conditions of combustion of the PE composition.
A promising direction in the development of flame retardants for plastics and composites is the creation of environmentally friendly bio-fire retardants based on natural renewable raw materials. In this work, bioflame retardant solutions from lignin-containing biomass were synthesized by the method of liquid-phase catalytic oxidation. We have established that the fire-protective effect of natural flame retardant is realized by forming a foamed coke structure under the influence of high temperatures or flame. This structure provides thermal insulation and creates a barrier for the diffusion of both volatile pyrolysis products into the combustion zone and oxygen from the environment to the surface of the protected material. The bio-flame retardant solution obtained at the preliminary stage was dried on a laboratory disk spray unit in the temperature range from 180°C to 90°C to a solid beige powder with a particle size of 50-80 μm, which was used as a base flame retardant (A) in compositions with polyester resin. The present work is devoted to the analysis of flammability of polyester composites developed using the polyester resin Polipol 3401 (3403)-TA and modified with bio-antipyren A, aluminum trihydrate and ammonium polyphosphate (PFA 201). To study the flammability of samples of these composites containing the specified additives, a mass calorimeter was used. This specialized laboratory device allows recording the rate at which samples lose mass, which is a direct reflection of the rate of heat release under the influence of various external heat flows, without taking into account the effect of inhibition in the gas phase. In addition, the thermal properties of PE compositions containing Al(OH)3 were studied by the DSC method. The analysis was carried out to assess the effect of Al(OH)3 on the physical structure of the glassy polyester matrix and the heat resistance of the material. As a result of the thermal studies and flammability tests, it was established that the complex use of aluminum trihydrate, ammonium polyphosphate and bioflame retardant additives leads to a synergistic effect of inhibiting the flammability of PE due to thermal stabilization of the foam coke structure under the conditions of combustion of the PE composition.
Keywords:
BIOFLAME RETARDANT, POLYESTER RESIN, AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE, ALUMINUM TRIHYDRATE, FIRE RETARDANT EFFICIENCY, INTUMESCENCE
BIOFLAME RETARDANT, POLYESTER RESIN, AMMONIUM POLYPHOSPHATE, ALUMINUM TRIHYDRATE, FIRE RETARDANT EFFICIENCY, INTUMESCENCE
