DEEP WATER TREATMENT IN THE VAKHSH BASIN OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
Rubrics: 2. CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
Authors:
1.
GU NII «Metallurgiya» OAO «TALKO»
2.
Fiziko - tehnicheskogo institut im. S.U. Umarova NAN Tadzhikistana
3.
Tadzhikskiy tehnicheskiy universitet im. akad. M.S. Osimi
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 95
to 101
Status:
Published
Received:
31.01.2026
Accepted:
31.01.2026
Published:
31.01.2026
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
ANTHRACITE, FILTRANT, SORBENT, STRENGTH, POROSITY, DEEP PURIFICATION, NATURAL WATERS, REVERSE OSMOSIS, ION EXCHANGERS
Abstract:
The chemical composition of the waters of the Vakhsh River was analyzed using physicochemical methods, and high levels of chlorides (275 mg/L), sulfates (30.5 mg/L), total hardness (5.7 mg-eq/L), dry residue (283 mg/L), iron ions (0.043 mg/L), and copper (0.030 mg/L), compared to the waters of the Varzob River were found. From raw anthracite of the Nazaraylok deposit in the Rasht Valley of the Republic of Tajikistan, a sorbent with high technical characteristics and a water sorption capacity of 0.358 cm3/g was obtained by carbonization and activation with a mixture of N2+CO2+steam, suitable for deep purification of the Vakhsh River waters as well as for the purification of water from heavy metal ions. The kinetics of gas release - H2, CH4, CO, CO2 - during anthracite carbonization were studied. It was shown that the rate of H2 release at t = 900 0C is 190 mL/min, and CO2 - 2.0 mL/min. For deep purification of the source water to obtain distillate, a three-stage scheme is proposed: adsorption with activated anthracite - reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration) - ion exchange (with granular cation and anion exchangers). The steam obtained from such distillate is harmless to the metal structures of CHP boiler units, pipes, as well as economizers and steam superheaters of chemical equipment. Limits have been established for the saturation of the surfaces of sorbents, ion exchangers, and reverse osmosis membranes, where it becomes necessary to regenerate and clean them of all kinds of deposits formed during the sorption process. After processing 500 m3 of raw water, all elements of the three-stage purification system must be regenerated. It has been established that in order to obtain water for domestic and drinking purposes from the Vakhsh River, it is sufficient to filter it through a layer of activated anthracite.
The chemical composition of the waters of the Vakhsh River was analyzed using physicochemical methods, and high levels of chlorides (275 mg/L), sulfates (30.5 mg/L), total hardness (5.7 mg-eq/L), dry residue (283 mg/L), iron ions (0.043 mg/L), and copper (0.030 mg/L), compared to the waters of the Varzob River were found. From raw anthracite of the Nazaraylok deposit in the Rasht Valley of the Republic of Tajikistan, a sorbent with high technical characteristics and a water sorption capacity of 0.358 cm3/g was obtained by carbonization and activation with a mixture of N2+CO2+steam, suitable for deep purification of the Vakhsh River waters as well as for the purification of water from heavy metal ions. The kinetics of gas release - H2, CH4, CO, CO2 - during anthracite carbonization were studied. It was shown that the rate of H2 release at t = 900 0C is 190 mL/min, and CO2 - 2.0 mL/min. For deep purification of the source water to obtain distillate, a three-stage scheme is proposed: adsorption with activated anthracite - reverse osmosis (hyperfiltration) - ion exchange (with granular cation and anion exchangers). The steam obtained from such distillate is harmless to the metal structures of CHP boiler units, pipes, as well as economizers and steam superheaters of chemical equipment. Limits have been established for the saturation of the surfaces of sorbents, ion exchangers, and reverse osmosis membranes, where it becomes necessary to regenerate and clean them of all kinds of deposits formed during the sorption process. After processing 500 m3 of raw water, all elements of the three-stage purification system must be regenerated. It has been established that in order to obtain water for domestic and drinking purposes from the Vakhsh River, it is sufficient to filter it through a layer of activated anthracite.
Keywords:
ANTHRACITE, FILTRANT, SORBENT, STRENGTH, POROSITY, DEEP PURIFICATION, NATURAL WATERS, REVERSE OSMOSIS, ION EXCHANGERS
ANTHRACITE, FILTRANT, SORBENT, STRENGTH, POROSITY, DEEP PURIFICATION, NATURAL WATERS, REVERSE OSMOSIS, ION EXCHANGERS
