The role of the structural peculiarities of electrical conducting polymer composites (ECPC) has been considered. Different conception on the nature of the conductivity, the mechanisms of charge transfer in heterogeneous structures are presented in this review. Experimental results obtained by different scientists only partially are in concordance with existing theoretical models. It is suggested that missing of various physical and chemical factors influencing on the processes of electrical current formation in polymer composites is one of main reasons of mentioned divergence between theory and experimental results among which the rate of the values of inter and intra phase interactions in composites may be considered as very important factor. The peculiarities of dependence of the conductivity of systems with binary conducting fillers are considered in this work too.
полимерный композит, структура, электропроводность, содержание наполнителя, электропроводящие полимеры, межфазные взаимодействия, polymer composite, structure, electro-conductivity, filler content, electrical conducting polymers, interphase interactions
1. R.N. Norman: Conductive Rubber and Plastics, Amsterdam, Elsevier, (1970).
2. A. Donnet, A. Voet: Carbon Black, Marcell Decker, New-York-Basel, (1976)
3. V.E. Gul’, L.Z. Shenfil: Electrically Conductive Polymeric Composites, Moscow, Khimia, 240 (1984) (in Russian).
4. CARBON BLACK POLYMER COMPOSITES: The Physics of Electrically Conducting Composites, Marcell Decker, New-York, (1982).
5. J.N.ANELI, L.M.KHANANASHVILI, G.E.ZAIKOV, Structuring and Conductivity of Polymer Composites, Novo-Sci. Publ., New-York, 1998.
6. V.S. Krikorov, L.A. Kalmakova: Electrically Conductive Polymeric Materials, Moscow, Khimia,176 (1984) (in Russian).
7. F.F. Koshelev, A.E. Kornev, N.S. Klimov: General Rubber Technology, Moscow, Khimia, 560 (1968) (in Russian).
8. A.A. Berlin, S.A. Volfson, V.G. Oshmyan, N.S. Enikolopov: The Principles of Creation of Composite Polymeric Materials, Moscow, Khimia, 240 (1990) (in Russian).
9. Y.S. Lipatov, Physical Chemistry of Filled Polymers, Moscow, Khimia, 304 (1977) (in Russian).
10. K.A. Pechkovskaya: Carbon Black as Rubber Reinforcement, Moscow, Khimia, 304 (1968) (in Russian).
11. B.I. Shklovski, A.L. Efros: Electronic Properties of Alloyed Semiconductors, Moscow, Nauka, 416 (1979) (in Russian).
12. G. Clero, T., Giroult, I., Russank: Acad. Sci. Comptes Rendus, Ser.B, 281 (13), 227 (1975).
13. Z.PETROVICH,B.MARTINOVICH,V.DIVIYAKOVICH AND J.BUDINSKI-SIMENDICH, J.Appl.Pol.Sci.49, 1659 (1993)
14. L.BENGIUIGUI, J.JAKUBOVICH, M.NARKIS, J.Pol.Sci., Part B: Polymer Physics, 25,127(1987).
15. F.F. Koshelev, A.E. Kornev, E.M., Spiridonova: Electrically Conductive Polymeric Materials, Moscow, CBTI, 61 (1961) (in Russian).
16. L.K. VAN BEEK , B.I. VAN PUL: Carbon, 2, 121 (1964).
17. G.BEAUCAGE, S.RANE, D.W.SHAFFER, G.LONG, D.FISHER, J.Pol.Sci.,Part B,37,1105 (1999).
18. B. Lee: Polymer Eng.Sci., 32(1), 36 (1992).
19. W.B. Bridge, M.J. Folkes, B.R. Wood: J.Phys.D., 23(7), 890(1990).
20. B.I. Sazhin: Electrical Conductivity of Polymers, Moscow, Khimia, 376 (1970) (in Russian).
21. E.M. Dannenberg: SPE J., 21(7), 36 (1965).
22. YIHU SONG, QIANG ZHENG, J.Appl.Pol.Sci.,105,710,(2007).
23. V.N. Anikeev, V.S. Zhuravlev: Colloidni Zh., 46(6), 1157 (1979) (in Russian).
24. V.I. Odelevski: Zhurn. Thech. Phys., , V.21, N6, p.667-685 (1951) (in Russian).
25. G.N. Dulnev, V.V. Novikov: Transfer Processes in Inhomogeneous media, Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 248 (1991) (in Russian).
26. M.N. Pooley, B.B. Boonstra: Rubber Chem.Technol., 30(1),170 (1957).
27. E.M. Abdel-Bary, M. Amin, R.H.Hassan: J.Polym.Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 17 (7), 2163 (1979).
28. N.S. Enikolopyan, S.G. Gruzova, N.M. Galashina, E.N. Sklyarov, L.N. Grigorov: Dokl. AN USSR, 274(6), 1404 (1984) (in Russian).
29. L.N. Grigorov, N.M.Galashina, N.S. Enikolopyan: Dokl. AN USSR,(4), 840 (1984) (in Russian).
30. K. Ohe, G. Natio: Jap.J.Appl.Phys., 10(1), 94 (1971)
31. M.L. Studebacker: India Rubber World, 129(4), 485 (1954).
32. V.V. Pushkova, Yu.F. Kabanov, M.I. Kulakova, V.I. Gudimenko, A.M. Lukyanov, I.A. Ragozina, E.V. Minervin: Kozhanno-obuvnaya promishlennost, 5, 39 (1971).
33. B.B.BOONSTRA, Rubber Chem.Technol.,50(1),194 (1977).
34. A.K.ZAINUTDINOV, A.A.KASIMOV and M.A.MAGRUPOV, Pisma v zhurnal eqsperimentalnoi i tekhnicheskoi fiziki, 18(2),29(1992).
35. R. Landauer: J.Appl.Phys., 23, 779 (1952).
36. B.N. BUDTOV, Y.I.VASILENOK, V.V.VOITOV, A.A.TRUSOV, Fizika Tverdogo Tela, 31(8),262(1989).
37. B.I. Shklovski, A.L. Efros: Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 117(3), 401 (1975) (in Russian).
38. T. Lux: J.Mater.Sci., 28, 285 (1993).
39. K. Mijasaka, K. Watanabe, C. Jiojima, S. Asai, M. Sumita, K. Ishikava: J.Mater.Sci, 17, 1610 (1982).
40. M. Sumita, K. Sakata, S. Asai: Polymer Bull., 25, 265 (1991).
41. B. Wessling: Macromol.Chem., 185, 1265 (1984).
42. B. Wessling: Synt.Metals, 28, 849 (1989).
43. A. Malliamis, D.T. Turner: J.Appl.Phys., 42(2), 614 (1971).
44. L.E. Nielsen: Ing.Chem.Fund., 13, 17 (1974).
45. G.E.Pike, C.H. Seager: Phys.Rev.,B, 110(4), 1421 (1974).
46. J. Yamaki, O. Maeda, Y. Katayama: Rev.of Electrical Commun. Lab., 26(3/4), 610 (1978).
47. J. Yamaki, O. Maeda, Y. Katayama: Kobunsi Ronbunsi, , 32(1), 42 (1975).
48. S.M. Musamoto, M.K. Abdelazeez, M.S. Ahun: Mater. Sci. Eng., 10(B), 29 (1991).
49. E. Cherleux, E. Gugon, W. Rivier, M.S. Ahun: Solid State Comm.,50(11), 999 (1984).
50. F. Carmona, R. Cauct, P. Delhas: J. Appl. Phys., 61(7), 2550 (1987).
51. B. Bridge, M.I. Folkes, H.D.S. Jahahani: J. Mater. Sci., 23, 1955 (1988).
52. B. Bridge, M.I. Folkes, H.D.S. Jahahani: J. Mater. Sci., 25, 3061 (1990).
53. L.N. Grigorov: Visokomol. Soed., 27A(5), 1098 (1985) (in Russian).
54. S.G. Smirnova, L.N. Grigorov, N.M. Galashina, N.S. Enikolopyan: Dokl. AN USSR, 285(1), 176 (1985) (in Russian).
55. A.P. Losoto, Yu.M. Budnitski, M.S. Akutin, A.T. Ponomarenko, A.A. Ovchinnikov: Dokl. AN USSR, 274(6), 1410 (1984) (in Russian).
56. J.N. Aneli: Thesis of Doctor Dissertation, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, (1995) (in Russian).
57. N.N. Kolossova, K.A. Boitsov: Physics of Solid State, 21(8), 2314 (1979) (in Russian).
58. A.F. Tikhomirov, A.K. Pugachev, O.I. Olshevski, B.I. Sazhin: Plasticheskie Massi, 5, 13 (1998) (in Russian).
59. V.G. Pavlii, A.E. Zaikin, E.V. Kuznetsov, L.N. Mikhailova: Izvestia Vuzov, Khimia i Tekhnologia, 6, 45 (1972) (in Russian).
60. T. Slupkovski: Acta Polonica Physica, 148(2), 191 (1975).
61. Slupkovski, R. Zielinski: Physika Status Solidi, 90(A), 737 (1985).
62. M. Ghotraniha, I. Salovey: Polymer Eng. Sci., 28(1), 58 (1988).
63. V.N. Gorshenev, B.A. Kamaritzki, V.M. Mikhailov, B.D. Saidov: Abstr. of Communications, Organic Materials for Electronics.International, Tashkent,257 (1987) (in Russian).
64. T.A. Ezquerra, M. Kubescza, F. Beita-Calicia: J. Synth. Metals, 41(3), 915 (1991).
65. N.B. Pokrovskaya, A.A. Nikitin, B.N. Mayboroda: Khimicheskie Volokna, 4, 58 (1972) (in Russian).
66. L.Z. Shenfil, L.V. Gerbova, N.A. Abramova, G.K. Melnikova, V.E. Gul’: Kauchuk I Rezina, 7, 29 (1969) (in Russian).
67. T. Lamond, C. Price: Rubber Age, 152(4), 49 (1970).
68. A.E. Kornev, A.A. Blinov, V.S. Juravlev: Production of tires, Rubber Technology Articles and Asbotechnical Articles, 10, 5 (1969) (in Russian).
69. E.N. Ratnikov, Yu.L. Pogosov, G.L. Melnikova: Plasticheskie Massi, 1, 34 (1973) (in Russian).
70. J. Meier: Polymer Eng. Sci, 13,462 (1973).
71. R. Gilg: Kunstoffberater, 22(5), 262 (1977).
72. V.E. Gul’, V.P. Sokolova, G.A. Klein S.Z. Bondarenko, E.A. Aripov, A.M. Berliand: Plasticheskie Massi, 10, 47 (1972) (in Russian).
73. A.P. Losoto: Thesis of Candidate Dissertation, D.I. Mendeleev Chem. Tech. Institute, Moscow, (1982) (in Russian).
74. J.YAKUBOVICH and M.NARKIS, Polymer Enginering and Science, 30(8)459(1990)
75. A.E. Kornev, V.P. Kvardashov, V.F. Kormiushko, A.P. Zhukov: Production of Tires, Rubber Technical and Asbotechnical Articles, 5,17 (1978) (in Russian).
76. R.A. Gorelik, A.E. Kornev, A.V. Solomatin, A.T. Blok, V.S. Juravlev, A.I. Gorokhovskaya: Production of Tires, Rubber Technical and asbotechnical Articles, 10, 4 (1969) (in Russian).
77. A.K. Sircar, T.G. Lamond: Rubber Chem.Technol., 51(1),126 (1978).
78. W.F. Verhelst, K.G. Wolthuis, A. Voet, P. Ehrburger, J.B. Donnet: Rubber Chem.Technol., 50(4),735 (1977).
79. G. Riess, J.B. Donnet: Rev.Gener.Caout., 41(3), 435 (1964).
80. J.B. Donnet, J. Metzger: Rev.Gener.Caout., 41(3), 440 (1964).
81. A.M. Gessler: Rubber Chem.Technol., 42(3), 585 (1969).
82. K.E. Perepelkin, V.S. Smirnov, O.S. Karimarchik: Khimicheskie Volokna, 2, 6 (1980) (in Russian).
83. E.N. Marmer: Carbon-Graphite Materials, Moscow, Metallurgia, 135 (1973) (in Russian).
84. J.N. Aneli, D.I. Gventsadze, L.G. Shamanauri: Plasticheskie Massi, 1, 22 (1993) (in Russian).
85. J.N. Aneli, D.I. Gventsadze, G.P.Mkheidze, L.G.Shamanauri: Reports on All-Union Conf. on Polymer Composites, Leningrad,12 (1990) (in Russian).
86. A.P. Vinogradov, A.K. Sarychev: Zh.Eksperim.Teor.Fiz., 85(3),9 (1983) (in Russian).
87. A.M. Lukyanova, E.N. Sofronova, A.G. Sharonova: Kauchuk i Rezina, 7, 26 (1983) (in Russian).
88. V.M. Os’kin, A.E. Kornev: Chemistry and Technology of Rubber Processing, Leningrad, 88 (1989) (in Russian).
89. Yu.P. Adler: Introduction into Experiment Planning, Moscow, Metallurgia, 157 (1969) (in Russian).
90. J.N. Aneli, E.B. Vasil’eva, N.I. Rozova: Kauchuk i Rezina, 11, 20 (1988) (in Russian).
91. W. Hofmann: Vulcanization and Vulcanizates, Hilfsmittel, Leverkusen, 464 (1968).
92. Yu.S. Lipatov: Physical and Chemical Properties of Filled Polymers, Moscow, Khimia, 260 (1991) (in Russian).