Polymer nanofibers could have many extraordinarily properties including, small diameter (and the resulting large surface area to mass ratio), highly oriented crystalline structures (and the resulting high strength), etc. The recently fast developing technology "electrospinning" is a unique way to produce novel polymer nanofibers with diameters typically in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm. Electrospinning of polymer nanofibers attracted significant attention during the last several years as a simple and straightforward method to produce nanostructures, which are of interest in many applications. The process of electrospinning is a complicated combination of polymer science, electronics and fluid mechanics. To date, a fundamental mechanism of the process of electrospinning is still characterized only qualitatively. The absence of a comprehensive theoretical knowledge of the electrospinning has resulted in polymer nanofibers with less controllable morphology and properties. A study on this technique has been made in this paper. Based on this study, many challenges exist in the electrospinning process of nanofibers, and a number of fundamental questions remain open.
electrospinning, nanofibers, polymers, электропрядение, нановолокна, полимеры
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