ANALYSIS OF THE PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF PARCHMENT MADE FROM DIFFERENT TYPES OF RAW MATERIALS
Authors:
1.
KNITU
2.
KNITU
3.
KNITU
4.
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
5.
Kazan National Research Technological University
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 121
to 124
Status:
Published
Received:
25.12.2025
Accepted:
25.12.2025
Published:
25.12.2025
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
PARCHMENT, PORES, GOAT, SHEEP, AND HORSE SKINS, TENSILE STRENGTH, ELONGATION, STRUCTURE, CONTACT ANGLE
Abstract (English):
Animal skin parchment is a product of leather production. Due to the rare and small-scale production of animal skin parchment, there is no state standard for it in the Russian Federation. Indirectly, GOST 4.11-81 "System of product quality indicators. Leather. Nomenclature of indicators." Parchment made from animal skins has various applications, including food products. The characteristic properties of parchment are its alkalinity and high hygroscopicity. The first property determines its increased stability, since in conditions of excessive alkalinity, the material is less exposed to the acidic environment containing acidic sulfur and nitrogen oxides and better resists the destructive action of microorganisms. The second circumstance is the main cause of damage to manuscripts and documents. At the same time, both excessive and low air humidity are destructive for parchment. The work analyzes the mechanical properties of parchment, its wetting ability, and evaluates the structure of the capillary-porous material depending on the type of raw material. Experiments have shown that parchment is characterized by high strength (up to 5 times higher than that of leather) with a fairly low elongation index (up to 4 times lower than that of leather). At the same time, parchment made from goat skins is the most durable compared to parchment made from sheep and horse skins. This is due to the specific structure of this material, namely the dense interweaving of collagen fiber bundles, forming a thick horizontal-fiber bond and characterized by a predominance of pores measuring 0.5652 microns. In addition, goatskin parchment has a hydrophobic surface due to the dense structure of the face layer.
Animal skin parchment is a product of leather production. Due to the rare and small-scale production of animal skin parchment, there is no state standard for it in the Russian Federation. Indirectly, GOST 4.11-81 "System of product quality indicators. Leather. Nomenclature of indicators." Parchment made from animal skins has various applications, including food products. The characteristic properties of parchment are its alkalinity and high hygroscopicity. The first property determines its increased stability, since in conditions of excessive alkalinity, the material is less exposed to the acidic environment containing acidic sulfur and nitrogen oxides and better resists the destructive action of microorganisms. The second circumstance is the main cause of damage to manuscripts and documents. At the same time, both excessive and low air humidity are destructive for parchment. The work analyzes the mechanical properties of parchment, its wetting ability, and evaluates the structure of the capillary-porous material depending on the type of raw material. Experiments have shown that parchment is characterized by high strength (up to 5 times higher than that of leather) with a fairly low elongation index (up to 4 times lower than that of leather). At the same time, parchment made from goat skins is the most durable compared to parchment made from sheep and horse skins. This is due to the specific structure of this material, namely the dense interweaving of collagen fiber bundles, forming a thick horizontal-fiber bond and characterized by a predominance of pores measuring 0.5652 microns. In addition, goatskin parchment has a hydrophobic surface due to the dense structure of the face layer.
Keywords:
PARCHMENT, PORES, GOAT, SHEEP, AND HORSE SKINS, TENSILE STRENGTH, ELONGATION, STRUCTURE, CONTACT ANGLE
PARCHMENT, PORES, GOAT, SHEEP, AND HORSE SKINS, TENSILE STRENGTH, ELONGATION, STRUCTURE, CONTACT ANGLE
