This article describes the behavior of heavy metals and their possible speciation during thermal recycling. A simplified thermodynamic approach in predicting the behavior of heavy metals in the combustion process, assuming that the chemical structure in which the metal is at the moment depends on the specific conditions of temperature, gas composition, and to a lesser extent, pressure. The advantage of this approach is that it takes into account the multi-component and multi-phase systems and allows to model complex systems involving a large number of compounds in gaseous, liquid or solid phases. Its description was examined by the determination of four metals, namely lead, cadmium, zinc and chromium.
тяжелые металлы, бытовые отходы, термическая утилизация отходов, heavy metals, household waste, thermal recycling
1. M.T. Abutalybov, Znachenie mikroelementov v rastenevodstve. Kn. izd-vo, Baku, 1961.
2. B.A.Yagodin, Agrohimiya. Agropromizdat, Moskva, 1989.
3. Yu.V. Alekseev, Tyazhelye metally v pochvah i rasteniyah. Agropromizdat, Leningrad, 1987.
4. V.A. Alekseenko, Geohimiya landshafta i okruzhayuschaya sreda. Nauka, Moskva, 1990.
5. Bol'shoy enciklopedicheskiy slovar'. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Norint, Sankt-Peterburg, 2000.
6. P.A. Vlasyuk, Mikroelementy i radioaktivnye izotopy v pitanii rasteniy. Izd. AN USSR, Kiev, 1956.
7. A.P. Vinogradov, Geohimiya, 555-571 (1962).
8. M.M. Gimadeev, A.I. Schepovskih, Ekologicheskiy enciklopedicheskiy slovar'. Okolo 11000 slov. Priroda, Kazan', 2000. 544 s.
9. V.P. Gladyshev, S.V. Kovaleva, N. R. Nuriahmetova, Vestnik TGPU, 50-52 (2003).
10. S.L. Davydova, V.I. Tagasov, Tyazhelye metally kak supertoksikanty XXI veka. Izd-vo RUDN, Moskva, 2002.
11. V.B. Il'in, Tyazhelye metally v sisteme pochva-rastenie. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1991.
12. P.N. Linnik, B.I. Nabivanec, Formy migracii metallov v presnyh poverhnostnyh vodah. Gidrometeoizdat, leningrad, 1986. 269 s.
13. L.A. Lapenko, M.G. Vilenskiy, Metod atomno-absorbcionnoy spektrofotometrii v fonovom monitoringe tyazhelyh metallov. Monitoring fonovogo zagryazneniya prirodnoy sredy. Gidrometeoizdat, leningrad, 1986. S.216-223.
14. V.I. Mosichev, G.I. Nikolaev, V.B. Aleksandrovskiy, V.V. Bardin, E.S. Boychinova, M.I. Bulatov, I.-M.A. Kedrinskiy, Fiziko-himicheskie metody analiza. Himiya, Leningrad, 1988. 376s.
15. Dzh.V. Mur, S. Ramamurti, Tyazhelye metally v prirodnyh vodah. Mir, Moskva, 1987.
16. K. Necinesku, Obschaya himiya. Mir, Moskva, 1968.
17. N.V. Prohorova, N.M. Matveev, Vestnik SamGU, Spec. vypusk, 125-147 (2002).
18. N. F. Reymers, Ekologiya. Teorii, zakony, pravila, principy i gipotezy. Rossiya molodaya, Moskva, 1994. 366 s.
19. N.F. Reymers, Azbuka prirody. Mikroenciklopediya biosfery. Znanie, Moskva, 1980.
20. G. Remi, Kurs neorganicheskoy himii. T.2. Mir, Moskva, 1966.
21. O.A. Samonova, N.A. Kuleshova, E.N. Aseeva, T.M. Kuderina, Formy soedineniy tyazhelyh metallov v pochvah Srednego Povolzh'ya. Kazan', 1988. 128 s.
22. E.A. Sirotyuk, I.P. Tah, R.A. Toroyan, Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakt. seminar «Ekologicheskie problemy sovremennosti». (Maykop, OOO «Kachestvo»). Maykop, 2009. S. 214-224.
23. A.T Pilipenko, Spravochnik po elementarnoy himii. 2-e izd., pererab. i dop. Naukova dumka, Kiev, 1977. 544 s.
24. M.K. Strugackiy, B.P. Nadeinskiy, Obschaya himiya. Vysshaya shkola, Moskva, 1965.
25. Yu.A.Holopov, Tyazhelye metally kak faktor ekologicheskoy opasnosti: Metodicheskie ukazaniya k samostoyatel'noy rabote po ekologii dlya studentov 3 kursa dnevnoy formy obucheniya. SamGAPS, Samara, 2003. 16 s.
26. N.G. Zyrina, L.K. Sadovnikova, Himiya tyazhelyh metallov, mysh'yaka i molibdena v pochvah. Izd. MGU, Moskva, 1985.
27. S. Abanades. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Perpignan, 2001.
28. R.G. Barton, W.D. Clark, W.D. Seeker, Combustion Science and Technology, 327-342 (1990).
29. R.G. Barton, P.M. Maly, W.D. Clark, W.R. Seeker, 13 National ASME Waste Processing Conference (Philadelphia, USA). Philadelphia, USA, 1988. P. 379-386.
30. P. Biswas, Y.C Wu, Combustion and Flame, R.31-40 (1993).
31. J.C. Chen, M.Y. Wey, M.H. Yan, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., R.1116-1120 (1999).
32. S.K. Durlak, P. Biswas, J. Shi, Journal of Hazardous Materials, R.1-20 (1997).
33. M. Jouan, Aspects médicaux:la toxicité des métaux lourds, 1987.
34. J.Y. Le Goux, C. Le Douce, Economica, 1995.
35. C.C. Lee, Waste Management, R.941-945 (1988).
36. Y.Menard. Thèse de doctorat, Institut national polytechnique de Lorraine, 2003. R.223.
37. K. Nakamura, S. Kinoshita, H. Takatsuki, Waste Management, R.509-517 (1996).
38. F. Nüsslein, P. Wunsch, F. Rampp, A. Kettrup, Chemosphere, R.349-356 (1994).
39. T.M. Owens, C.Y Wu., P. Biswas, Chem. Eng. Comm., R.31-52 (1995).
40. P. Prudent. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Provence, 1992.
41. W.R. Seeker, ASME, R. 57-61 (1992).
42. D. Verhulst, A.G. Buekens, P.J. Spencer, G. Eriksson, Environmental Science and Technology, R. 50-56 (1996).
43. M.Y. Wey, J.L. Su., J.C. Chen, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., R. 444-453 (1999).
44. J.M. Wood, Science, Vol. 183. P.1049-1059 (1974).